内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Why does chemotherapy often affect the bone marrow, gut lining and hair?

1. AThese tissues store the chemotherapy drugs
2. BThese tissues have no blood supply
3. CThese tissues contain rapidly dividing cells
4. DThese tissues are the main sites of cancer

Which feature is typical of ulcerative colitis?

1. AContinuous inflammation starting at the rectum
2. BInflammation of the full thickness of the small bowel
3. CInflammation limited to the oesophagus
4. DPatchy inflammation anywhere from mouth to anus

What is the Braden scale (or a similar tool such as Waterlow) used for?

1. AAssessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers
2. BScoring the severity of nausea
3. CMeasuring a patient's level of consciousness
4. DGrading the depth of a burn wound before dressing it

Which instruction is important during bowel preparation for colonoscopy?

1. AEat a high-fibre meal the evening before the test
2. BTake the preparation only if the bowels have not opened
3. CAvoid all fluids for 24 hours before the test
4. DDrink plenty of clear fluids while taking the preparation

Which statement about corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease is correct?

1. AThey cure the disease after one course
2. BThey are used to induce remission, not for maintenance
3. CThey are the best long-term maintenance treatment
4. DThey are given only as a one-off injection

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause their surgery always takes longer than others
2. BBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
3. CBecause they need to go home before midday
4. DTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose

A category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer is now healing and shallower. How should it be documented according to standard guidance?

1. AAs a healing category 4 pressure ulcer
2. BAs a fully healed ulcer that can be removed from the record
3. CAs a category 2 pressure ulcer now
4. DAs a category 1 pressure ulcer now

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. ASit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
2. BMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin
3. CLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
4. DOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it