内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

什么是术后加速康复（ERAS）？

1. A经静脉给予所有药物的方法
2. B规定患者必须卧床三天
3. C帮助患者术后更快康复的护理路径
4. D完全不需要任何麻醉的手术技术

成人烧伤的初始复苏通常使用哪种液体？

1. A口服含气可乐饮料
2. B哈特曼液（乳酸林格液）
3. C静脉注射用灭菌水
4. D静脉注射 50% 葡萄糖溶液

What is the key difference between a benign and a malignant tumour?

1. AA benign tumour always spreads to the lymph nodes
2. BA malignant tumour never needs any treatment
3. CA benign tumour always grows faster than a malignant one
4. DA malignant tumour invades nearby tissue and can spread

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea is admitted for surgery. Which instruction is most appropriate?

1. ABring their CPAP machine to use after surgery
2. BStop all pain relief for the first three days
3. CAvoid sleeping at all on the night after surgery
4. DLie flat on their back for the first night

Why might a patient's platelet count be monitored while they receive heparin?

1. ATo see whether the patient has an infection
2. BTo check whether the heparin is causing anaemia
3. CTo measure the heparin dose in the blood exactly
4. DTo detect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

哪种电解质异常可促成术后肠梗阻？

1. A高钠血症
2. B低钾血症
3. C高钾血症
4. D高磷血症

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. APlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
2. BRespect the decision, document it and inform the team
3. CCancel the surgery without discussing it
4. DAsk the family to override the decision

A category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer is now healing and shallower. How should it be documented according to standard guidance?

1. AAs a category 2 pressure ulcer now
2. BAs a healing category 4 pressure ulcer
3. CAs a fully healed ulcer that can be removed from the record
4. DAs a category 1 pressure ulcer now