内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

How does the pain of acute appendicitis typically progress?

1. AIt starts in the right shoulder, then moves to the chest
2. BIt starts in the left lower abdomen, then spreads to the back
3. CIt starts around the umbilicus, then moves to the right lower abdomen
4. DIt stays in the upper abdomen and eases after meals

哪两个原因导致大多数急性胰腺炎病例？

1. A吸烟和肥胖
2. B胆结石和酒精
3. C病毒性感冒和压力
4. D高纤维和脱水

Which factor most increases the risk of Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. ADrinking bottled water
2. BRegular exercise
3. CA diet high in fibre
4. DRecent antibiotic treatment

A nasogastric feeding tube appears blocked. What is usually the first step?

1. ACut the end of the tube to release the blockage inside it
2. BUse a small 5 mL syringe with firm pressure
3. CPush the guidewire back in to clear it
4. DFlush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe

哪种敷料通常适用于渗出液多的伤口？

1. A藻酸盐或泡沫
2. B每周更换的干纱布
3. C薄的透明薄膜
4. D水凝胶片

造口袋底盘的开口应剪多大？

1. A比造口四周大约 2–3 mm
2. B任何大小，只要盖住造口即可
3. C比造口四周大约 2 cm
4. D略小于造口以便紧密密封

Four hours after surgery, a catheterised patient's urine output has been 10 mL/h for two hours. Vital signs are stable. What should the nurse check first?

1. AYesterday's chest X-ray and blood gas results
2. BWhether the patient wants a cup of tea
3. CThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
4. DThe time the patient last ate

A patient with a permanent pacemaker is booked for surgery using monopolar diathermy. Why must the team know?

1. ADiathermy can interfere with the pacemaker's function
2. BThe patient cannot have any anaesthetic at all
3. CPacemakers stop all bleeding during surgery
4. DThe pacemaker will always be removed during surgery