内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is abdominal paracentesis?

1. AA camera test of the lining of the large bowel
2. BRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
3. CDraining fluid from the abdominal cavity with a needle or drain
4. DInjection of dye into a vein in the arm

Which two sites are most common for pressure ulcers in patients lying in bed?

1. AThe thighs and the upper arms
2. BThe sacrum and the heels
3. CThe palms and the forehead
4. DThe forearms and the knees

采集伤口拭子做培养之前，应该做什么？

1. A从干燥的敷料本身取拭子
2. B旧敷料再保留整整一天
3. C涂抹消毒剂并使其完全干燥
4. D用生理盐水清洁以去除表面碎屑

What is the most important safety point about misoprostol?

1. AIt can cause miscarriage and must not be used in pregnancy
2. BIt strongly raises blood glucose in people with diabetes
3. CIt causes severe constipation in most patients
4. DIt must be given only by deep intramuscular injection

Why is the time a surgical limb tourniquet is inflated carefully recorded?

1. AIt shows how long the anaesthetic gas was used
2. BThe tourniquet slowly loses all its air after one minute
3. CLong inflation can cause nerve and muscle damage
4. DThe surgeon is paid per minute of use

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause their surgery always takes longer than others
2. BBecause they need to go home before midday
3. CTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
4. DBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. AIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
2. BEncourage the patient to drink more fluids
3. CLie the patient flat with the legs raised
4. DStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate

On the day after a Hartmann's procedure, the end colostomy is dark purple to black. What should the nurse do?

1. ACut a smaller hole in the pouch
2. BRecord it as normal postoperative bruising and recheck it next week
3. CRub the stoma to improve its colour
4. DReport it urgently, as the stoma may be necrotic