内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. AJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
2. BPlacing a stent in the bile duct
3. CRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
4. DRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump

Which is an example of a non-drug method of pain relief?

1. AA morphine injection into the thigh
2. BAn ibuprofen tablet with food
3. CA lidocaine patch
4. DRelaxation and distraction

What is the first aid for a dry chemical powder on the skin?

1. AAdd vinegar to neutralise it at once
2. BBrush off the powder, then irrigate with plenty of water
3. CCover it with a tight dressing and wait
4. DRub it in with a wet cloth to spread it thinly over the skin

哪些措施有助于预防高危患者发生肿瘤溶解综合征？

1. A限制液体并服用钾片
2. B化疗期间停止所有静脉和口服液体
3. C每天补充钙和磷酸盐
4. D静脉水化加别嘌醇或拉布立酶

什么是麻痹性肠梗阻？

1. A没有物理性阻塞，但肠蠕动丧失
2. B肿瘤阻塞肠腔
3. C大肠扭转，阻断其血供
4. D伴发热的肠壁感染

Which statement about corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease is correct?

1. AThey cure the disease after one course
2. BThey are given only as a one-off injection
3. CThey are used to induce remission, not for maintenance
4. DThey are the best long-term maintenance treatment

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess
2. BAssume there is no pain because none is reported
3. CGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia
4. DWait until a relative can confirm the pain

Two days after surgery, a patient on regular ibuprofen has a low urine output and a rising creatinine, and intake has been poor. What should the nurse do?

1. AIncrease the dose to treat the pain better and encourage fluids
2. BGive the next dose with extra food
3. CChange to a higher-strength NSAID tablet
4. DWithhold the next dose and report to the prescriber