内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

为什么全身麻醉前要求患者禁食？

1. A降低误吸胃内容物的风险
2. B使扫描时肠道更容易看清
3. C减少手术中的出血
4. D使血糖水平比平时更高

化疗中的“最低点”（nadir）是什么？

1. A一个周期后血细胞计数最低的时期
2. B新的化疗周期的第一天
3. C放疗疗程的最后一天
4. D一个周期后血细胞计数最高的时期

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less
2. BIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy
3. CIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly
4. DIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom
2. BGiving a sleeping tablet every night
3. CKeeping the room dark during the day
4. DMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids

Why should antacids usually be taken at a different time from other medicines?

1. AThey can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
2. BThey destroy other drugs before they are swallowed
3. CThey stop the kidneys from clearing other drugs
4. DThey make all other drugs much more toxic

A patient had an upper GI endoscopy with a local anaesthetic throat spray. What must the nurse check before giving a drink?

1. AThat the patient has passed urine since the procedure
2. BThat swallowing and the gag reflex have returned
3. CThat bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants
4. DThat the patient's blood glucose is above normal

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."
2. B"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."
3. C"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
4. D"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."

A patient with facial burns from a house fire was talking normally on arrival. Two hours later, the voice is hoarse and there is stridor. What should the nurse do?

1. ALay the patient flat to help them sleep
2. BEncourage the patient to rest the voice and reassess tomorrow
3. CCall for urgent anaesthetic help, as the airway is swelling
4. DGive a warm drink to soothe the throat