内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which features are typical of a superficial partial-thickness burn?

1. ARedness only, with no blisters, like sunburn
2. BBlisters, a moist pink base and severe pain
3. CDry, white, leathery skin with no pain
4. DCharred skin with exposed muscle and bone

什么是腹水？

1. A肺周围胸膜腔内的液体
2. B双侧踝部肿胀
3. C腹膜腔内的液体
4. D胆总管堵塞

患者通常如何描述神经病理性疼痛？

1. A活动时加重的钝痛
2. B仅在按压该区域时的搏动性疼痛
3. C烧灼样、射击样或像电击
4. D一阵阵袭来的痉挛性疼痛

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. ARegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
2. BMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
3. CUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion
4. DKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day

Why are carbohydrate drinks often given before surgery in enhanced recovery programmes?

1. ATo make the bowels open before the operation
2. BTo raise the blood pressure during the anaesthetic
3. CTo reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
4. DTo replace the need for any IV fluids afterwards

一名回肠膀胱术（尿路造口）患者担心尿中有黏液。正确的解释是什么？

1. A这是肾结石的征象，今天必须上报
2. B这表明正在发生肠梗阻
3. C这意味着造口失效，需要手术
4. D这是正常的，因为该通道由小肠制成

After several days of a tight CPAP mask, a patient has a red, broken area on the bridge of the nose. What is this, and what should the nurse do?

1. AA burn from the oxygen; apply ice to the area
2. BA normal mark; take no action until it heals
3. CA device-related pressure injury; protect skin and refit the mask
4. DAn allergic rash; stop the CPAP for good and give oral antihistamines

一名肠梗阻患者出现持续剧烈疼痛（不再是绞痛）、发热、心率 120 次/分，以及腹部强直、压痛。这提示什么？

1. A便秘，应使用刺激性泻药治疗
2. B梗阻正在缓解，肠道开始蠕动
3. C绞窄或穿孔，需要紧急外科评估
4. D正常进展，只需规律的简单镇痛