内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

为什么中性粒细胞减少的患者要避免直肠测温和使用栓剂？

1. A它们干扰化疗药物的吸收
2. B可能损伤黏膜，使细菌进入血液
3. C它们使患者的白细胞计数进一步下降
4. D它们总是给出偏低的体温读数

In TNM staging of cancer, what does "N" describe?

1. AThe number of tumours in the body
2. BThe nerve damage caused by the tumour
3. CThe new cells formed after treatment
4. DSpread to nearby lymph nodes

How is parenteral nutrition given?

1. AInto the muscle of the thigh
2. BBy mouth as a thick supplement drink
3. CThrough a nasogastric tube into the stomach
4. DInto a vein, usually through a central line

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. APale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
2. BJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
3. CRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
4. DNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
2. BPain straight after eating that is worsened by food
3. CPain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
4. DPain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting

For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?

1. AAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
2. BA new ileostomy in the first week
3. CAn ileal conduit draining urine
4. DAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output

Which medicine commonly needs enteral feeds paused before and after each dose because the feed reduces its absorption?

1. AParacetamol
2. BOmeprazole liquid
3. CPhenytoin
4. DLactulose

重症急性胰腺炎第 2 天，一名患者呼吸困难，SpO₂ 88%，胸部 X 线显示双肺浸润影。最可能的并发症是什么？

1. A自发性张力性气胸
2. B急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）
3. C急性重度哮喘发作
4. D异物误吸