内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

成人烧伤的初始复苏通常使用哪种液体？

1. A静脉注射 50% 葡萄糖溶液
2. B口服含气可乐饮料
3. C静脉注射用灭菌水
4. D哈特曼液（乳酸林格液）

Which is an example of a non-drug method of pain relief?

1. ARelaxation and distraction
2. BA morphine injection into the thigh
3. CAn ibuprofen tablet with food
4. DA lidocaine patch

What does the grade of a cancer describe?

1. AHow abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope
2. BThe patient's age when diagnosed
3. CHow far the cancer has spread in the body
4. DHow many treatments the patient has had so far, including surgery

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. APatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days
2. BThe kidneys stop making urine completely
3. CLeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
4. DThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery
2. BIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications
3. CIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe
4. DIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly

How is an uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus often first treated?

1. AHigh-dose laxatives taken by mouth
2. BEating a large high-fibre meal
3. CA barium meal given by mouth to untwist the bowel slowly
4. DDecompression with a flexible sigmoidoscope and flatus tube

A patient taking IV antibiotics has three unexplained loose stools in 24 hours. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIsolate the patient and send a stool sample for testing
2. BMove the patient to a bay with other patients to watch them closely
3. CGive loperamide after each loose stool and continue as usual
4. DWait two days to see if the diarrhoea settles

After a coughing fit, the external mark on a patient's nasogastric tube has moved 10 cm. Feed is due. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the medicines only and save the feed for later
2. BPush the tube back to the original mark and start the feed
3. CDo not use the tube until its position is confirmed by policy
4. DStart the feed at a slow rate and watch for coughing