内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What does the ASA physical status classification describe?

1. AThe patient's general health before anaesthesia
2. BThe patient's pain score after surgery
3. CThe exact length of the planned operation
4. DThe type of anaesthetic drug the surgeon prefers

哪两个因素是消化性溃疡最常见的病因？

1. A辛辣食物和长期心理或工作压力
2. B喝牛奶和吃柑橘类水果
3. C吸烟和喝太多浓咖啡
4. DHelicobacter pylori 感染和 NSAID

机械性小肠梗阻早期，哪种肠鸣音是典型的？

1. A一开始就完全消失
2. B高调的叮当声
3. C安静、正常的咕噜声
4. D胸膜摩擦音

一名新做回肠造口的患者排出量很高。主要风险是什么？

1. A脱水以及钠、钾、镁丢失
2. B液体过多和踝部肿胀
3. C造口上方肠道便秘和粪便嵌塞
4. D数天内出现高钙和肾结石

What is TENS?

1. AA strong opioid given through the skin as a weekly adhesive patch
2. BA type of epidural catheter inserted in theatre
3. CA pain score used for babies
4. DA device that sends mild electrical pulses through skin pads

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed
3. COpioids must never be used in people over 70
4. DPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all

Which preoperative blood result should the nurse report to the team before elective surgery?

1. ASodium 139 mmol/L
2. BHaemoglobin 138 g/L (13.8 g/dL) in a man
3. CPotassium 2.9 mmol/L
4. DFasting glucose 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)

一名回肠造口患者 6 小时没有排出物，伴绞痛、腹胀、恶心和造口肿胀。护士应怀疑什么？

1. A造口周围轻微皮疹
2. B造口堵塞，常由食物引起，需要评估
3. C回肠造口排出量过大引起的脱水
4. D新回肠造口的正常安静期