内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which is an example of a non-drug method of pain relief?

1. AA lidocaine patch
2. BA morphine injection into the thigh
3. CRelaxation and distraction
4. DAn ibuprofen tablet with food

What is a spinal anaesthetic?

1. ALocal anaesthetic injected into the CSF in the lower back
2. BA sedative tablet taken the night before
3. CLocal anaesthetic cream rubbed on the skin
4. DA general anaesthetic gas breathed through a mask

Which drug group is commonly used to prevent venous thromboembolism after surgery?

1. ALoop diuretics
2. BNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3. CLow molecular weight heparins
4. DProton pump inhibitors

A day after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient has a headache that is worse when sitting up and better when lying flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. ARaised blood pressure from pain
2. BA side effect of the antibiotic
3. CMigraine caused by hospital lighting
4. DPost-dural puncture headache

严重急性胰腺炎时可能出现哪种电解质问题？

1. A高钙血症
2. B高钾血症
3. C高钠血症
4. D低钙血症

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
2. BA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan
3. CAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
4. DA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day

Shortly after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient says their arms feel weak and it is hard to breathe, and the BP is falling. What is most likely?

1. AAn anxiety attack
2. BA normal spinal effect
3. CA high spinal block
4. DA post-dural puncture headache

A nurse teaches a patient after a colonoscopy with polyp removal. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I should report a fever or a swollen, painful abdomen."
2. B"I'll report heavy bleeding from my bottom."
3. C"Some wind and bloating today is expected."
4. D"Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."