内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Where should a diathermy return electrode (plate) be placed?

1. AOn skin covered with spirit-based prep that is still wet
2. BOver a bony area such as the hip bone
3. COn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle
4. DOver a metal joint replacement

What is healing by secondary intention?

1. AA wound closed a few days after it was left open
2. BA wound that heals without any new tissue
3. CA wound left open that heals from the base upwards
4. DA wound closed with sutures straight after surgery

What is a volvulus?

1. AA twist of a loop of bowel around itself
2. BA pouch in the wall of the colon that fills with stool
3. CAn infection of the appendix
4. DA tear in the lining of the anus

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
2. BStop eating fibre completely
3. CWait until there has been no stool for a week
4. DStart a regular laxative at the same time

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOpioids must never be used in people over 70
2. BPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
3. COlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
4. DThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. ALying flat with the head lower than the feet
2. BIn any position that keeps the face covered
3. CWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling
4. DLying face down on the pillow to protect the airway

一名高压电损伤的患者有小的入口和出口伤口。为什么需要密切监测？

1. A皮肤伤口小，说明内部损伤也一定很轻
2. B唯一真正的风险是皮肤伤口的轻微感染
3. C电损伤从不造成皮肤表面以下的损害
4. D隐匿的肌肉损伤：心律失常、横纹肌溶解、肾损伤

髋部手术后第 3 天，一名老年患者急性意识混乱，注意力波动并躁动。护士首先应做什么？

1. A请家人把患者接回家，让其安定下来
2. B寻找低氧、感染、疼痛或药物等原因，并上报
3. C约束患者并立即给予大剂量镇静药
4. D认为这是痴呆，并保持护理计划不变