内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

为什么肝病会出现黄疸？

1. A食物中的黄色色素储存在皮肤里
2. B肾脏产生过多尿素
3. C肝脏无法清除胆红素，使其积聚
4. D肝脏一次制造过多的红细胞

哪些体征提示烧伤患者有吸入性损伤？

1. A户外一天后背部晒伤
2. B面部烧伤、鼻毛烧焦、烟灰和声音嘶哑
3. C触碰热锅把手后一根手指起水疱
4. D一只脚烧伤但感觉正常

What is an anastomosis in bowel surgery?

1. AA drain placed beside the bowel
2. BA surgical join between two ends of bowel
3. CA tube placed in the bowel for feeding
4. DAn opening of the bowel onto the skin

对病情稳定的消化道出血患者，哪种红细胞输血策略符合目前的证据？

1. A给所有人输血，使血红蛋白始终保持在 150 g/L 以上
2. B每次内镜检查前常规输两个单位
3. C限制性阈值，多数稳定患者常在约 70 g/L
4. D无论血红蛋白或症状如何，从不输血

Why is a pregnancy test often done before surgery in women who could be pregnant?

1. APregnant women cannot sign consent forms
2. BPregnancy always makes surgery impossible
3. CAnaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
4. DIt is needed to calculate the anaesthetic drug dose

Which lung problem is a known toxicity of bleomycin?

1. APneumothorax from coughing
2. BPulmonary fibrosis
3. CAsthma from pollen
4. DLung cancer within weeks

一名肝性脑病患者夜间烦躁。有人建议用苯二氮䓬类药物助眠。护士应怎么做？

1. A提出质疑，因为镇静药可使脑病加重
2. B给双倍的常规剂量以确保入睡
3. C给药，因为肝脏不影响镇静药
4. D给药并停用乳果糖以避免腹泻

A patient on modified-release morphine for cancer pain has needed four breakthrough doses every day for several days. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the breakthrough doses to reduce opioid use
2. BReport it, as the regular background dose may need review
3. CTell the patient to put up with the pain between doses
4. DGive all breakthrough doses at the same time