内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
2. BIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less
3. CIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly
4. DIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy

哪项特征是全层烧伤的典型表现？

1. A皮肤呈皮革样，白色或棕色，无疼痛
2. B按压时变白、几天内愈合的皮肤
3. C皮肤湿润、粉红，有大水疱，疼痛
4. D皮肤发红、疼痛，无水疱，像晒伤

Which drug group is commonly used to prevent venous thromboembolism after surgery?

1. ANon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2. BLow molecular weight heparins
3. CLoop diuretics
4. DProton pump inhibitors

Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?

1. AWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
2. BThe drug no longer has any side effects
3. CThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm
4. DThe patient is allergic to opioids

Which treatment often relieves pain from a bone metastasis?

1. AIron supplements by mouth for several months
2. BPalliative radiotherapy to the area
3. CComplete bed rest for a month
4. DA diet low in calcium and vitamin D

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AA shallow wound into the dermis only
2. BA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
3. CFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
4. DIntact skin with redness that does not blanch

通过外周套管针静脉输注长春新碱时，患者报告灼痛，输注部位肿胀。护士首先应做什么？

1. A停止输注，保留套管针以回抽，并遵循规程
2. B立即拔除套管针并按摩该区域以扩散药物
3. C减慢速度继续输注，并在该部位敷冰袋
4. D用生理盐水冲洗套管针，把残留药物推入静脉

Using the adult rule of nines, what is the total burn area of the whole right arm plus the whole front of the trunk (both with partial-thickness burns)?

1. A45%
2. B18%
3. C27%
4. D36%