内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

How is parenteral nutrition given?

1. AInto the muscle of the thigh
2. BThrough a nasogastric tube into the stomach
3. CBy mouth as a thick supplement drink
4. DInto a vein, usually through a central line

Which lifestyle advice helps reduce night-time reflux symptoms?

1. ASleep flat on several pillows placed under the knees
2. BDrink a large glass of fizzy water before lying down
3. CNo food for 3 hours before bed, with the head of the bed raised
4. DHave the largest meal of the day just before going to bed to aid sleep

What does black tissue in a wound bed usually indicate?

1. ANecrotic (dead) tissue
2. BNew epithelial cells
3. CHealthy granulation tissue
4. DNormal blood clot from a fresh cut

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly
2. BIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery
3. CIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications
4. DIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe

How is an uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus often first treated?

1. AEating a large high-fibre meal
2. BHigh-dose laxatives taken by mouth
3. CDecompression with a flexible sigmoidoscope and flatus tube
4. DA barium meal given by mouth to untwist the bowel slowly

Which burn should usually be discussed with a specialist burns service even if it is small?

1. AA tiny burn on the forearm with redness only
2. BA healed burn scar from many years ago
3. CA small superficial sunburn on the back
4. DA partial-thickness burn on the hand

On day 2 of nasogastric feeding, a severely malnourished patient becomes weak and breathless with ankle swelling. Phosphate is 0.4 mmol/L. What is most likely?

1. ARefeeding syndrome
2. BAn allergy to the feed formula
3. CNormal adjustment to the new feed
4. DToo little calorie intake

A patient with a severe flare of ulcerative colitis develops abdominal distension, fever and tachycardia, and the stool frequency has dropped. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHaemorrhoids caused by diarrhoea
2. BSimple constipation from low intake
3. CThe flare is getting better
4. DToxic megacolon