内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days
2. BWeight gain caused by steroid treatment
3. CSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse
4. DA skin rash from radiotherapy

哪种营养素对伤口愈合尤其重要？

1. A酒精
2. B咖啡因
3. C蛋白质
4. D盐

What is Barrett's oesophagus?

1. AA tear in the oesophagus caused by forceful vomiting
2. BA change of the lower oesophageal lining to a stomach-like type
3. CDilated veins in the lower oesophagus caused by portal hypertension
4. DA pouch in the upper oesophagus that traps food

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
3. CThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed
4. DOpioids must never be used in people over 70

哪种敷料通常适用于渗出液多的伤口？

1. A藻酸盐或泡沫
2. B每周更换的干纱布
3. C水凝胶片
4. D薄的透明薄膜

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause they need to go home before midday
2. BBecause their surgery always takes longer than others
3. CBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
4. DTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose

An older patient with atrial fibrillation has sudden severe abdominal pain, but the abdomen is soft with little tenderness. Lactate is raised. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AMuscle strain from coughing
2. BAcute mesenteric ischaemia
3. CIrritable bowel syndrome
4. DSimple constipation

A patient with three fractured ribs is taking shallow breaths because of pain. Why is effective analgesia a priority?

1. APain relief is only needed for the patient's comfort
2. BRib pain always means the heart is damaged
3. CGood analgesia makes rib fractures heal fully within a few days
4. DShallow breathing can lead to atelectasis and pneumonia