内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

根据一个广泛使用的定义，谁是判断患者疼痛的最佳评判者？

1. A患者
2. B亲属
3. C护士
4. D外科医生

What is a parastomal hernia?

1. AA stoma that has sunk below the level of the skin
2. BA sore, red area of skin under the stoma bag from leaking output
3. CA bulge of bowel through the abdominal wall next to a stoma
4. DA narrowing of the stoma opening

What is metastasis?

1. AThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
2. BHealing of tissue after a biopsy
3. CShrinking of a tumour after treatment
4. DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body

为什么教患者咳嗽时用枕头支托腹部伤口？

1. A它加速皮肤边缘的愈合
2. B它可减轻疼痛和牵拉，使患者能有效咳嗽
3. C它使咳嗽变弱，从而不使伤口受到风险
4. D它取代了规律镇痛的需要

After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has pain in the right shoulder. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA dislocated shoulder from patient positioning
2. BAn allergy to the dressing on the wound
3. CGas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm
4. DA heart attack during the operation

Why is IV albumin often given after a large-volume paracentesis?

1. ATo raise the blood glucose after the procedure
2. BTo replace the clotting factors and platelets lost in the drained fluid
3. CTo prevent low blood pressure and kidney injury from fluid shifts
4. DTo treat infection in the ascitic fluid

On day 2 of nasogastric feeding, a severely malnourished patient becomes weak and breathless with ankle swelling. Phosphate is 0.4 mmol/L. What is most likely?

1. ARefeeding syndrome
2. BAn allergy to the feed formula
3. CToo little calorie intake
4. DNormal adjustment to the new feed

A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?

1. ACalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy
2. BCancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
3. CIt is only a muscle strain from walking
4. DThe swelling shows the cancer has gone