内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is abdominal paracentesis?

1. AInjection of dye into a vein in the arm
2. BDraining fluid from the abdominal cavity with a needle or drain
3. CA camera test of the lining of the large bowel
4. DRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions

What is a keloid scar?

1. AA raised scar that grows beyond the edges of the wound
2. BA scar that forms only on the inside of the body
3. CA flat, pale scar that fades and softens over time
4. DA wound that will not close at all

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
4. DUse only one drug at a time, never in combination

关于多模式镇痛，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A联合使用多种阿片类药物以增强整体效果
2. B它是仅用于长期慢性疼痛的方法
3. C任何时候都只应给一种镇痛药
4. D联合使用不同作用机制的药物以减少阿片类药物的需求

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
2. BAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
3. CA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
4. DA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. AJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
2. BNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever
3. CPale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
4. DRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose

开始治疗高级别淋巴瘤的化疗两天后，一名患者尿量减少；血钾 6.4 mmol/L，磷酸盐高，钙低。护士应怀疑什么并如何处理？

1. A单纯脱水：鼓励口服液体，下周复查血液
2. B过敏反应：给抗组胺药，照常继续
3. C肿瘤溶解综合征：上报，开始心电监护，并预期静脉补液
4. D预期的化疗副作用：下一个周期前无需处理

腹部手术后使用硬膜外镇痛的患者血压 82/48 mmHg，脉搏 70 次/分，双足温暖。已排除出血。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A术后心源性休克
2. B失血引起的低血容量性休克
3. C硬膜外引起的交感神经阻滞
4. D对局部麻醉药的过敏反应