内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is dumping syndrome after gastric surgery?

1. ALeakage of bile from the liver into the abdominal cavity
2. BRapid passage of food from the stomach into the small bowel
3. CSlow emptying of the stomach causing food to stay for days
4. DReflux of bowel contents back into the oesophagus

Which statement describes moderate ("conscious") sedation?

1. AThe patient needs a ventilator to breathe
2. BThe patient is fully alert and anxious
3. CThe patient cannot be roused by any stimulus, even a painful one
4. DThe patient is drowsy but responds to voice or light touch

Which drug group is commonly used to prevent venous thromboembolism after surgery?

1. AProton pump inhibitors
2. BNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3. CLoop diuretics
4. DLow molecular weight heparins

Which statement about giving medicines through a feeding tube is correct?

1. ATubes do not need flushing between medicines
2. BMedicines can be added to the bag of feed
3. CModified-release tablets should not be crushed
4. DAll tablets can be crushed together and given at once

After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?

1. AReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
2. BPupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day
3. CBlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight
4. DPeak flow before and after each meal

Which is a usual benefit of laparoscopic over open abdominal surgery?

1. ANo risk of any complications at all
2. BLess pain and a shorter hospital stay
3. CNo need for a general anaesthetic ever
4. DLarger wounds that heal faster

Just after extubation in recovery, a patient develops a high-pitched noise on breathing in, with falling SpO₂. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASit the patient up and give a drink of water
2. BGive an opioid to calm the patient's breathing and reduce anxiety
3. CCall for help, give 100% oxygen and use a jaw thrust
4. DWait a few minutes to see if it passes

An older patient with atrial fibrillation has sudden severe abdominal pain, but the abdomen is soft with little tenderness. Lactate is raised. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASimple constipation
2. BAcute mesenteric ischaemia
3. CMuscle strain from coughing
4. DIrritable bowel syndrome