内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

下列哪项是肝硬化最常见的病因之一？

1. A缺铁性贫血
2. B富含水果和纤维的饮食
3. C一次食物中毒
4. D长期大量饮酒

哪项建议有助于化疗引起口腔黏膜炎的患者？

1. A每天多次使用含酒精的漱口水消毒
2. B在疼痛缓解前停止所有口腔护理
3. C吃热的辛辣食物以刺激唾液分泌
4. D用软毛牙刷轻柔护理，并用生理盐水漱口

What is metastasis?

1. AShrinking of a tumour after treatment
2. BThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
3. CHealing of tissue after a biopsy
4. DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AStop eating fibre completely
2. BStart a regular laxative at the same time
3. CWait until there has been no stool for a week
4. DTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water

Which medicine commonly delays wound healing?

1. ASaline eye drops
2. BVitamin C supplements
3. CParacetamol
4. DLong-term corticosteroids

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better
2. BPreventing nausea works better than treating it later
3. CThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
4. DThey cannot be given once nausea has started

A patient admitted for an elective general anaesthetic mentions that they ate a slice of toast 3 hours ago. What should the nurse do?

1. ASay nothing, since toast is a light food
2. BGive a large drink to wash the food through
3. CInform the anaesthetist, as surgery may be delayed
4. DAsk the patient to try to vomit to empty the stomach

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
2. BSit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
3. CLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
4. DMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin