内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

健康的造口是什么样子？

1. A紫色或暗淡、干燥
2. B干燥，呈黑色
3. C苍白、发凉
4. D湿润，呈红色或粉红色

哪两个因素是消化性溃疡最常见的病因？

1. AHelicobacter pylori 感染和 NSAID
2. B吸烟和喝太多浓咖啡
3. C喝牛奶和吃柑橘类水果
4. D辛辣食物和长期心理或工作压力

Using the rule of nines in an adult, what percentage is the whole head and neck?

1. A18%
2. B9%
3. C1%
4. D4.5%

What is the main treatment for a venous leg ulcer with an adequate arterial supply?

1. ACompression therapy
2. BKeeping the leg hanging down all day
3. CSurgery to amputate the limb
4. DStrong oral antibiotics for all ulcers

手术前常被问及哪种草药补充剂，因为它可能增加出血？

1. A蔓越莓
2. B薄荷油
3. C银杏
4. D洋甘菊

A routine wound swab grows bacteria, but the wound shows no signs of infection. What does this usually mean?

1. AThe wound is colonised; antibiotics are not usually needed
2. BThe swab result means the wound is infected
3. CThe patient needs IV antibiotics straight away, whatever the wound looks like
4. DThe wound must be closed with sutures again

一名从房屋火灾中获救的患者未吸氧时 SpO₂ 为 99%，但有头痛、意识混乱和樱桃红色嘴唇。护士应怎么做？

1. A通过非重复呼吸面罩给予 100% 氧气，并申请碳氧血红蛋白水平检测
2. B撤掉氧气，因为血氧饱和度完全正常
3. C用对乙酰氨基酚治疗头痛，并观察患者一夜
4. D通过鼻导管以 2 L/min 给氧，一小时后复查

一名肝性脑病患者夜间烦躁。有人建议用苯二氮䓬类药物助眠。护士应怎么做？

1. A给双倍的常规剂量以确保入睡
2. B提出质疑，因为镇静药可使脑病加重
3. C给药并停用乳果糖以避免腹泻
4. D给药，因为肝脏不影响镇静药