内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

哪些体征提示烧伤患者有吸入性损伤？

1. A触碰热锅把手后一根手指起水疱
2. B面部烧伤、鼻毛烧焦、烟灰和声音嘶哑
3. C户外一天后背部晒伤
4. D一只脚烧伤但感觉正常

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AA skin rash from radiotherapy
2. BSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse
3. CWeight gain caused by steroid treatment
4. DA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
2. BRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
3. CRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
4. DHigh pressure inside the skull

为什么上消化道出血患者的尿素升高可能比肌酐升高得多？

1. A出血总是直接损伤肾小管
2. B肌酐随呕吐物从体内丢失
3. C尿素由出血的胃黏膜产生
4. D被消化的血液是蛋白质负荷，会使尿素升高

Which burn should usually be discussed with a specialist burns service even if it is small?

1. AA tiny burn on the forearm with redness only
2. BA healed burn scar from many years ago
3. CA small superficial sunburn on the back
4. DA partial-thickness burn on the hand

一名急性上消化道出血患者到院时血红蛋白正常。为什么这可能有误导性？

1. A任何失血后血红蛋白总是先升高
2. B消化道出血不影响血红蛋白
3. C血红蛋白只有在持续出血整整一周后才会下降
4. D只有在液体转移或静脉补液稀释血液后才会下降

A patient with a PICC line develops swelling and aching of the same arm and prominent veins on the chest. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
2. BNormal swelling after line insertion
3. CAn allergy to the dressing
4. DLymphoedema from a previous operation

A nurse finds a dislodged sealed radiation source in the bed of a patient receiving brachytherapy. What should the nurse do?

1. APick it up with gloved hands and put it in the nearest sharps bin quickly
2. BLeave it in the bed until the end of the shift
3. CUse long-handled forceps to put it in the lead container; report it
4. DThrow it in the clinical waste bag