内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

什么是便血（haematochezia）？

1. A黑色、柏油样、恶臭的粪便
2. B从直肠排出的鲜红色血液
3. C咳出鲜红色的带血痰
4. D呕出鲜红色血液

What is the first aid for a dry chemical powder on the skin?

1. AAdd vinegar to neutralise it at once
2. BCover it with a tight dressing and wait
3. CRub it in with a wet cloth to spread it thinly over the skin
4. DBrush off the powder, then irrigate with plenty of water

为什么肠梗阻时常插入鼻胃管？

1. A直接越过梗阻处输入高纤维营养液
2. B使胃减压并减少呕吐
3. C给予泻药以解除梗阻
4. D测量肠内的压力

A patient received IV morphine 20 minutes ago and the surgical consent form has not been signed. What should the nurse do?

1. ASign the form on the patient's behalf as a witness
2. BAsk a relative to sign instead of the patient
3. CAsk the patient to sign quickly before they get sleepier
4. DTell the surgeon, as the patient may not be able to consent now

Which statement about pain relief in acute pancreatitis is correct?

1. AOnly paracetamol may be given
2. BPain relief should be withheld until the diagnosis is certain
3. COpioids must never be used in pancreatitis
4. DOpioids can be used, and good analgesia is a priority

Why are laxatives and enemas avoided when appendicitis is suspected?

1. AThey stop antibiotics from being absorbed
2. BThey always cause the appendix to bleed heavily
3. CThey make the blood tests impossible to read
4. DThey may increase the risk of perforation

A patient with cirrhosis takes spironolactone and furosemide. Which blood result should the nurse report before the next dose?

1. ASodium 141 mmol/L
2. BPotassium 6.0 mmol/L
3. CPotassium 4.2 mmol/L
4. DSodium 138 mmol/L

After surgery, a patient keeps asking for analgesia before it is due, watches the clock and rates pain 8/10. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

1. AThe patient is exaggerating, so the pain scores should be ignored for now
2. BThe patient needs only distraction and no change in drugs
3. CPain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
4. DThe patient is addicted and should have analgesia withheld