内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a spinal anaesthetic?

1. AA sedative tablet taken the night before
2. BLocal anaesthetic cream rubbed on the skin
3. CLocal anaesthetic injected into the CSF in the lower back
4. DA general anaesthetic gas breathed through a mask

Which statement about hepatitis C is correct?

1. AIt is spread mainly by food, and a vaccine is given to babies
2. BIt always clears by itself within two weeks
3. CIt is spread mainly through blood, and there is no vaccine
4. DIt can be treated only with a liver transplant

What is metastasis?

1. AHealing of tissue after a biopsy
2. BThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
3. CSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body
4. DShrinking of a tumour after treatment

Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?

1. ATo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed
2. BTo decide which meal the patient will have next
3. CTo record when visitors come and go
4. DTo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early

Which is a recognised side effect of ondansetron?

1. AHearing loss
2. BSevere hypoglycaemia
3. CConstipation
4. DHair loss

In the SBAR communication tool, what belongs under "A"?

1. AThe address and phone number of the patient's next of kin
2. BThe nurse's assessment of what the problem is
3. CA list of the patient's allergies only
4. DThe patient's admission date only

A patient who takes NSAIDs suddenly develops severe epigastric pain, a rigid abdomen and shoulder-tip pain. Which finding would most support the likely diagnosis?

1. AFluid levels in the bladder on an ultrasound scan
2. BTall, peaked T waves on a 12-lead ECG
3. CFree air under the diaphragm on an erect chest X-ray
4. DA raised serum lipase three times the upper limit

Six hours after surgery, a patient has not passed urine, has lower abdominal discomfort and a bladder scan shows 750 mL. What should the nurse do?

1. ACatheterise as per protocol or prescription
2. BWait another twelve hours before acting
3. CRestrict fluids until the urge returns
4. DGive a diuretic to increase urine flow