内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Using the rule of nines in an adult, what percentage is the whole head and neck?

1. A18%
2. B1%
3. C4.5%
4. D9%

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ARising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
2. BSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
3. CNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
4. DHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse

Which symptom is typical of haemorrhoids?

1. AVomiting of dark, coffee-ground material
2. BYellow skin, dark urine and pale stools that float in the toilet
3. CBright red blood on the paper after opening the bowels
4. DBlack, tarry stools with a strong smell

When is cold therapy most useful for pain?

1. AOver numb areas where sensation is lost
2. BDirectly on skin with poor circulation
3. CFor long-term muscle stiffness, applied continuously for several hours
4. DSoon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling

Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?

1. ADisease that is cured by removing the colon
2. BBleeding only from the rectum
3. CFistulas between the bowel and other organs
4. DInflammation limited to the rectal lining

Which statement about fatigue during radiotherapy is correct?

1. AIt means the radiotherapy has failed
2. BIt often builds during the course and can last for weeks
3. CIt is caused by the patient becoming radioactive
4. DIt occurs only after the first session and then disappears completely

A colleague suggests giving a saline injection to see whether a patient's pain is "real". What is the best response?

1. ADeceptive placebos are unethical and do not show pain is "fake"
2. BIt is acceptable if a senior nurse gives the saline
3. CIt is a good idea, as long as the patient is not told about it afterwards
4. DIt should be done only for patients with chronic pain

一名患者正在接受负压伤口治疗。泵报警，敷料失去了密封。最恰当的措施是什么？

1. A在泡沫上用干纱布填塞伤口，并用胶带贴紧
2. B把吸力调到最大设置以拉回密封
3. C恢复密封；如果及时无法恢复，改用湿性敷料
4. D把泡沫留在伤口内、不吸引，直到数天后复查