内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

什么是便血（haematochezia）？

1. A咳出鲜红色的带血痰
2. B呕出鲜红色血液
3. C黑色、柏油样、恶臭的粪便
4. D从直肠排出的鲜红色血液

Which finding describes a category 1 pressure ulcer?

1. AAn open wound with visible bone at the base
2. BA shallow open wound with a red-pink base and no slough
3. CA wound covered with thick black eschar
4. DIntact skin with redness that does not blanch

Which sign is typical of hepatic encephalopathy?

1. AA stiff neck with sensitivity to light
2. BA flapping tremor of the outstretched hands
3. CA drooping eyelid on one side
4. DA fine rash over the chest and arms

A patient had an upper GI endoscopy with a local anaesthetic throat spray. What must the nurse check before giving a drink?

1. AThat swallowing and the gag reflex have returned
2. BThat the patient's blood glucose is above normal
3. CThat the patient has passed urine since the procedure
4. DThat bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants

哪些床旁评估用于追踪腹水？

1. A每日体重和腹围
2. B每天两次的瞳孔大小和反应
3. C每餐前的毛细血管血糖
4. D峰流速和血氧饱和度

哪种敷料通常适用于渗出液多的伤口？

1. A藻酸盐或泡沫
2. B薄的透明薄膜
3. C每周更换的干纱布
4. D水凝胶片

A 62-year-old with known reflux reports burning central chest pain with sweating and breathlessness that began while walking. What should the nurse do first?

1. ABook a routine endoscopy for later in the week
2. BGive an antacid and reassess the pain in an hour
3. CRecord a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
4. DAdvise the patient to avoid spicy food at future meals

A patient on chemotherapy has white plaques on the tongue and cheeks that wipe off to leave red areas. What is most likely?

1. AOral candidiasis
2. BLeukoplakia from smoking
3. CNormal mucositis healing
4. DFood residue only