内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

为什么中性粒细胞减少的患者要避免直肠测温和使用栓剂？

1. A它们干扰化疗药物的吸收
2. B它们总是给出偏低的体温读数
3. C它们使患者的白细胞计数进一步下降
4. D可能损伤黏膜，使细菌进入血液

造口袋通常应在何时排空？

1. A每天一次，在同一时间
2. B当它有三分之一到一半满时
3. C仅在开始渗漏时
4. D仅在完全装满到顶时

化疗中的“最低点”（nadir）是什么？

1. A放疗疗程的最后一天
2. B新的化疗周期的第一天
3. C一个周期后血细胞计数最低的时期
4. D一个周期后血细胞计数最高的时期

What is TENS?

1. AA device that sends mild electrical pulses through skin pads
2. BA pain score used for babies
3. CA type of epidural catheter inserted in theatre
4. DA strong opioid given through the skin as a weekly adhesive patch

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. AWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling
2. BLying flat with the head lower than the feet
3. CIn any position that keeps the face covered
4. DLying face down on the pillow to protect the airway

How is an uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus often first treated?

1. AA barium meal given by mouth to untwist the bowel slowly
2. BDecompression with a flexible sigmoidoscope and flatus tube
3. CEating a large high-fibre meal
4. DHigh-dose laxatives taken by mouth

While a central line is disconnected, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain and hypotension. Air embolism is suspected. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASit the patient fully upright and flush the line
2. BGive the patient a drink and observe for an hour
3. CClamp the line, lie the patient left side down, head low; give oxygen
4. DRemove the central line straight away and leave the site open to the air

An older patient with atrial fibrillation has sudden severe abdominal pain, but the abdomen is soft with little tenderness. Lactate is raised. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AMuscle strain from coughing
2. BAcute mesenteric ischaemia
3. CSimple constipation
4. DIrritable bowel syndrome