内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Why are patients advised to stop smoking before surgery?

1. AIt is needed so that consent forms are valid
2. BIt makes the anaesthetic work for a shorter time
3. CIt stops patients from feeling hungry while fasting
4. DIt lowers the risk of chest and wound complications

Why are pressure areas padded when a patient is positioned for surgery?

1. ATo make the operating table look tidy
2. BTo prevent pressure injury and nerve damage
3. CTo keep the patient from moving during the operation
4. DTo warm the patient during the procedure

What is dumping syndrome after gastric surgery?

1. ARapid passage of food from the stomach into the small bowel
2. BSlow emptying of the stomach causing food to stay for days
3. CReflux of bowel contents back into the oesophagus
4. DLeakage of bile from the liver into the abdominal cavity

After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?

1. ABlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight
2. BReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
3. CPeak flow before and after each meal
4. DPupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day

Why is an ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before compression bandaging for a leg ulcer?

1. ATo check for a leg bone fracture
2. BTo find the bacteria in the wound
3. CTo find out how deep the ulcer is
4. DTo exclude significant arterial disease

麻醉期间，恶性高热最早的征象通常是什么？

1. A体温持续下降
2. B呼气末 CO₂ 无法解释地升高
3. C心率减慢、血压降低
4. D皮肤潮红，同时 CO₂ 水平下降

A patient with gallstones has a temperature of 39 °C with rigors, jaundice and right upper abdominal pain. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASimple biliary colic
2. BAcute hepatitis A
3. CAscending cholangitis
4. DUncomplicated reflux

After surgery, a patient keeps asking for analgesia before it is due, watches the clock and rates pain 8/10. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

1. APain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
2. BThe patient is addicted and should have analgesia withheld
3. CThe patient is exaggerating, so the pain scores should be ignored for now
4. DThe patient needs only distraction and no change in drugs