内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the key difference between a benign and a malignant tumour?

1. AA benign tumour always grows faster than a malignant one
2. BA benign tumour always spreads to the lymph nodes
3. CA malignant tumour invades nearby tissue and can spread
4. DA malignant tumour never needs any treatment

谁负责获取手术的知情同意？

1. A安排患者入院的病房文员
2. B患者的近亲，或在场的最亲近的亲属
3. C实施手术的临床医生，或经过培训的受托人
4. D当时有空的任何工作人员

Which symptom in an adult over 50 is a red flag for colorectal cancer?

1. AMild bloating before a period
2. BA lasting change in bowel habit with rectal bleeding
3. COccasional wind and rumbling after eating a meal of beans
4. DOne episode of loose stools after a takeaway meal

Which neutrophil count indicates severe neutropenia?

1. AAbove 2.0 × 10⁹/L
2. BBelow 0.5 × 10⁹/L
3. CBelow 7.5 × 10⁹/L
4. DAbove 10 × 10⁹/L

Which liver function test pattern suggests bile duct obstruction?

1. AVery high ALT with a normal bilirubin only
2. BNormal bilirubin with a low ALP and low GGT
3. CA low albumin with all other results normal
4. DHigh bilirubin with a markedly raised ALP and GGT

出血性消化性溃疡内镜治疗后，常用哪类药物来抑制胃酸？

1. A西替利嗪等 H1 抗组胺药
2. B袢利尿剂
3. C质子泵抑制剂
4. Dβ 受体阻滞剂

A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?

1. ATake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food
2. BConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
3. CCombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses
4. DUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course

A patient's ileostomy output is 2.5 L a day. They feel tired and dizzy and are drinking large amounts of water. Which advice is usually appropriate?

1. ALimit plain drinks and use an oral rehydration solution
2. BEat only fruit and fruit juice
3. CStop all drinking for 24 hours
4. DDrink even more plain water and tea to replace the losses