内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

哪两个原因导致大多数急性胰腺炎病例？

1. A吸烟和肥胖
2. B病毒性感冒和压力
3. C胆结石和酒精
4. D高纤维和脱水

什么是爆发痛？

1. A经规律治疗后疼痛已完全消失
2. B仅在手术中感到的疼痛
3. C仅由对镇痛药过敏引起的疼痛
4. D尽管有规律的基础镇痛，疼痛仍然突然加重

What is the purpose of anti-embolism stockings for surgical patients?

1. ATo keep the legs warm in theatre
2. BTo lower the blood pressure after surgery
3. CTo reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis
4. DTo prevent pressure ulcers on the heels

Why are urinary catheters removed as early as possible after surgery?

1. ATo reduce the risk of catheter-associated infection
2. BBecause patients cannot drink normally while a catheter is in place
3. CBecause the catheter stops the bowel working
4. DBecause catheters always cause kidney stones

Why do patients usually have a dental review before radiotherapy to the head and neck?

1. AThe dentist gives the radiotherapy
2. BRadiotherapy can only be given once all the teeth have been removed
3. CIt causes dry mouth and raises the risk of decay and jaw damage
4. DTeeth block the radiation beam completely

Which wound drain observation should be reported immediately?

1. AA sudden large volume of fresh red blood
2. BDrainage slowly falling each day
3. CA little dried blood around the drain site
4. DSmall amounts of pink serous fluid

A patient has sharp, tearing pain on passing stool, "like passing glass", with a streak of fresh blood. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACrohn's disease of the ileum
2. BAnal fissure
3. CUpper GI bleeding
4. DColorectal cancer

一名烧伤面积占体表 35% 的患者正在进入高代谢期。哪种营养方案最恰当？

1. A早期肠内营养，高能量、高蛋白
2. B禁食两周以让肠道完全休息
3. C仅用清流质，直到烧伤创面愈合
4. D低蛋白饮食以保护肾脏免受损害