内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

下列哪项是肝硬化最常见的病因之一？

1. A缺铁性贫血
2. B一次食物中毒
3. C长期大量饮酒
4. D富含水果和纤维的饮食

What is the main aim of palliative care?

1. AImproving quality of life for people with serious illness
2. BOnly providing care in the last hour of life
3. CReplacing all other medical treatment
4. DCuring the disease at any cost, whatever the side effects

什么是腹水？

1. A腹膜腔内的液体
2. B肺周围胸膜腔内的液体
3. C胆总管堵塞
4. D双侧踝部肿胀

Why is the Lund and Browder chart preferred to the rule of nines for children?

1. AIt adjusts for body proportions that change with age
2. BIt counts superficial burns as well
3. CIt is faster to use than any other method of estimation
4. DIt is used only for burns of the hands

Which advice has good evidence for reducing cancer-related fatigue?

1. AAvoiding all daily activities
2. BComplete bed rest for the whole course of treatment
3. CDrinking several strong coffees every evening
4. DRegular light to moderate activity, such as walking

Which advice helps a person with diabetes prevent foot ulcers?

1. ASoak the feet in very hot water every evening
2. BWear tight shoes to support the ankles
3. CCheck the feet every day and never walk barefoot
4. DCut corns off at home with a sharp blade

A patient taking IV antibiotics has three unexplained loose stools in 24 hours. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIsolate the patient and send a stool sample for testing
2. BWait two days to see if the diarrhoea settles
3. CGive loperamide after each loose stool and continue as usual
4. DMove the patient to a bay with other patients to watch them closely

外科病房有四位患者。护士应首先评估哪位患者？

1. A肠道手术后四小时：脉搏 118 次/分，血压 90/55 mmHg
2. B中性粒细胞减少：一小时前体温正常，感觉良好
3. C稳定的回肠造口：请求帮助更换造口袋
4. D术后第 3 天：因便秘要求使用泻药