内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

急性胰腺炎的疼痛通常位于哪里？

1. A下背部，平躺时缓解
2. B上腹部，常放射到背部
3. C左肩尖，深呼吸时加重
4. D右下腹，靠近髋部

Which finding describes a category 1 pressure ulcer?

1. AIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
2. BA shallow open wound with a red-pink base and no slough
3. CAn open wound with visible bone at the base
4. DA wound covered with thick black eschar

When should pain be reassessed after giving analgesia?

1. AOnly at the next routine observation round the next day
2. BWhen the drug is expected to have taken effect
3. CNever, as one assessment is enough
4. DOnly if the patient asks for more analgesia

Which practice is correct when giving parenteral nutrition through a central line?

1. AGive other IV drugs through the same lumen to save time
2. BLet the bag hang at room temperature for several days
3. CUse a dedicated lumen and strict aseptic technique
4. DDisconnect and reconnect the line without cleaning the hub

一名急性上消化道出血患者到院时血红蛋白正常。为什么这可能有误导性？

1. A血红蛋白只有在持续出血整整一周后才会下降
2. B消化道出血不影响血红蛋白
3. C任何失血后血红蛋白总是先升高
4. D只有在液体转移或静脉补液稀释血液后才会下降

What is the most important safety point about misoprostol?

1. AIt must be given only by deep intramuscular injection
2. BIt causes severe constipation in most patients
3. CIt strongly raises blood glucose in people with diabetes
4. DIt can cause miscarriage and must not be used in pregnancy

A patient with a leg ulcer has an ABPI of 0.5. The doctor's plan mentions starting strong compression bandages. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold strong compression and discuss urgent vascular referral
2. BApply compression and elevate the leg above the heart all day
3. CApply the strongest compression to speed healing
4. DApply compression but only at night

一名体重 70 kg 的成人烧伤面积占体表总面积 40%。按 Parkland 公式，最初 24 小时的晶体液通常如何分配？

1. A从到达医院起算，24 小时内每小时等量输注
2. B从到达医院起算，四分之一在最初 8 小时内，其余在 16 小时内
3. C全部在第一小时内输完，当天剩余时间只用口服液体
4. D一半在烧伤后的最初 8 小时内，另一半在随后的 16 小时内