内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which drug is commonly used to prevent or treat postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AOndansetron
2. BAmlodipine
3. CFurosemide
4. DAtorvastatin

Which sign is typical of hepatic encephalopathy?

1. AA flapping tremor of the outstretched hands
2. BA fine rash over the chest and arms
3. CA stiff neck with sensitivity to light
4. DA drooping eyelid on one side

What is dyspepsia?

1. APain in the rectum on opening the bowels
2. BDifficulty swallowing solid food and tablets
3. CVomiting of blood after a large meal
4. DUpper abdominal discomfort, often called indigestion

How are skin staples usually removed from a healed incision?

1. AAlternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
2. BThe staples are left in permanently under the skin
3. CAll staples at once by pulling each one straight up from the skin
4. DOnly the staples at each end, leaving the others for good

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. AStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
2. BAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain
3. CSystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate
4. DPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly

哪种敷料通常适用于渗出液多的伤口？

1. A水凝胶片
2. B每周更换的干纱布
3. C薄的透明薄膜
4. D藻酸盐或泡沫

A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
2. BGive loperamide and review next week
3. CAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools
4. DReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless

On the morning of elective hip surgery, a patient says she took her usual warfarin last night despite being told to stop. What should the nurse do?

1. AProceed with the usual checklist and say nothing
2. BGive a double dose of vitamin K by mouth without waiting for a prescription
3. CTell her the surgery must be cancelled for a month
4. DInform the surgical and anaesthetic teams, who will check the INR