内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

谁应该按下患者自控镇痛（PCA）泵的按钮？

1. A只有患者本人
2. B护士在每班开始时按
3. C患者睡着时由亲属按
4. D患者请求的任何访客

How is the length of a nasogastric tube usually estimated before insertion?

1. AFrom the chin to the umbilicus in a straight line
2. BAny length, as long as the whole tube is inserted
3. CFrom the mouth to the knee on the same side of the body
4. DFrom the nose tip to the earlobe, then to the xiphisternum

Where are venous leg ulcers usually found?

1. AOn the tips of the toes and between the toes
2. BOn the front of the thigh
3. COn the sole of the foot under the heel
4. DAround the inner ankle, in the gaiter area

限钠和螺内酯在肝硬化中起什么作用？

1. A减少钠水潴留并控制腹水
2. B降低血氨并治疗脑病
3. C增加钾丢失并预防高钾血症
4. D升高血压并改善肾血流

关于多模式镇痛，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A联合使用不同作用机制的药物以减少阿片类药物的需求
2. B它是仅用于长期慢性疼痛的方法
3. C联合使用多种阿片类药物以增强整体效果
4. D任何时候都只应给一种镇痛药

给予细胞毒性化疗药物时，通常推荐使用哪种个人防护装备？

1. A纸质外科口罩，不戴手套
2. B经化疗药物测试的手套和防渗隔离衣
3. C不需要个人防护装备，因为输液袋是密封的
4. D普通棉手套和塑料围裙

During a nerve block, a patient reports a metallic taste and ringing in the ears, then has a seizure. Besides calling for help and supporting the airway, which specific treatment is given?

1. AIV glucose 50%
2. BIV lipid emulsion
3. CIV dantrolene
4. DIV naloxone

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. APlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
2. BRespect the decision, document it and inform the team
3. CAsk the family to override the decision
4. DCancel the surgery without discussing it