内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which feature is typical of Crohn's disease?

1. AIt affects only the liver and bile ducts
2. BIt affects only the stomach lining and causes ulcers there
3. CIt affects only the rectum and colon, in one continuous stretch
4. DIt can affect any part of the gut, with normal bowel in between

Which drug reverses the effects of opioids?

1. ANaloxone
2. BFlumazenil
3. CProtamine
4. DVitamin K

Which symptom in an adult over 50 is a red flag for colorectal cancer?

1. AOne episode of loose stools after a takeaway meal
2. BA lasting change in bowel habit with rectal bleeding
3. CMild bloating before a period
4. DOccasional wind and rumbling after eating a meal of beans

什么是肿瘤溶解综合征？

1. A癌细胞迅速分解引起的代谢急症
2. B压迫神经的缓慢生长的肿瘤
3. C对化疗输注的过敏反应
4. D最近接受放疗区域的皮肤反应

Why is a urinary catheter usually inserted in a patient with a major burn?

1. AIt is needed to give medicines into the bladder
2. BHourly urine output guides fluid resuscitation
3. CBurns always cause the bladder to rupture
4. DThe catheter prevents wound infection

Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?

1. AHypernatraemia
2. BHypomagnesaemia
3. CHyperkalaemia
4. DHypercalcaemia

腹部手术后第 6 天，一名患者说咳嗽时有东西“裂开了”，并且伤口处可见肠管。护士应立即做什么？

1. A用生理盐水浸湿的无菌敷料覆盖，屈膝，呼叫外科医生
2. B轻轻把肠管推回去，用胶带把伤口边缘牢牢粘在一起
3. C不覆盖伤口，让患者在床上完全坐直
4. D在等待团队时给患者吃点轻食以使其平静

After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff
2. BInsist they walk without any analgesia
3. CExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
4. DAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0