内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which two sites are most common for pressure ulcers in patients lying in bed?

1. AThe sacrum and the heels
2. BThe forearms and the knees
3. CThe thighs and the upper arms
4. DThe palms and the forehead

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
2. BCough and breathlessness
3. CHair loss from the scalp
4. DDry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards

How is hepatitis B mainly spread?

1. AThrough blood, sexual contact and from mother to baby
2. BOnly by coughing and sneezing
3. COnly by eating undercooked shellfish from polluted water
4. DThrough touching door handles and shaking hands

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
2. BMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom
3. CKeeping the room dark during the day
4. DGiving a sleeping tablet every night

Why are patients with large burns at risk of hypothermia?

1. ALoss of skin reduces their ability to keep in heat
2. BThe fluids given are always chilled
3. CBurns always cause a low thyroid hormone level in the blood
4. DTheir metabolism stops after the injury

Which advice has good evidence for reducing cancer-related fatigue?

1. ARegular light to moderate activity, such as walking
2. BComplete bed rest for the whole course of treatment
3. CDrinking several strong coffees every evening
4. DAvoiding all daily activities

Which preoperative task can a registered nurse usually delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ATeaching the patient how to use a PCA pump
2. BDeciding whether abnormal results need reporting
3. CRecording baseline vital signs
4. DAssessing the patient's understanding of the surgery

A patient's ileostomy output is 2.5 L a day. They feel tired and dizzy and are drinking large amounts of water. Which advice is usually appropriate?

1. AStop all drinking for 24 hours
2. BDrink even more plain water and tea to replace the losses
3. CEat only fruit and fruit juice
4. DLimit plain drinks and use an oral rehydration solution