内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which diet is usually advised to help prevent symptoms of diverticular disease?

1. AA diet based mainly on red meat
2. BA low-fibre diet with very little fluid
3. CA high-fibre diet with plenty of fluids
4. DA diet with no fruit or vegetables

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 10 minutes before
2. BUp to 12 hours before
3. CUp to 24 hours before
4. DUp to 2 hours before

What is the first phase of wound healing?

1. AProliferation
2. BEpithelialisation
3. CHaemostasis
4. DMaturation

Patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop immune-related side effects. Which symptom should they report promptly?

1. ANew diarrhoea or abdominal pain
2. BMild tiredness after a busy day
3. CSlight hair thinning over months
4. DA small bruise after a knock

当使用阿片类药物的患者镇静程度加深时，为什么这很重要？

1. A镇静意味着现在需要更高的剂量
2. B镇静意味着疼痛已得到完全、安全的控制
3. C镇静是所有阿片类药物无害且预期的作用
4. D镇静加深通常先于呼吸抑制出现

一名回肠膀胱术（尿路造口）患者担心尿中有黏液。正确的解释是什么？

1. A这是肾结石的征象，今天必须上报
2. B这是正常的，因为该通道由小肠制成
3. C这表明正在发生肠梗阻
4. D这意味着造口失效，需要手术

After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?

1. AAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0
2. BExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
3. CInsist they walk without any analgesia
4. DTell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff

Four patients from a house fire arrive in the emergency department. Which should the nurse assess first?

1. ARedness on the backs of both hands, and very anxious
2. BA blistered forearm burn and a small cut on the knee
3. CPartial-thickness burns to both legs, with pain rated 8/10
4. DCircumferential chest burns, with breathing becoming shallow and laboured