内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. ABlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid
2. BA side effect of drinking strong coffee
3. CBile coming back from an obstructed small bowel
4. DUndigested food from several days ago

什么是便血（haematochezia）？

1. A从直肠排出的鲜红色血液
2. B黑色、柏油样、恶臭的粪便
3. C咳出鲜红色的带血痰
4. D呕出鲜红色血液

How is hepatitis A mainly spread?

1. AFaecal-oral route
2. BBreathing in airborne droplets
3. CBlood transfusion and needles
4. DTick and mosquito bites

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea is admitted for surgery. Which instruction is most appropriate?

1. ABring their CPAP machine to use after surgery
2. BStop all pain relief for the first three days
3. CAvoid sleeping at all on the night after surgery
4. DLie flat on their back for the first night

哪些体征提示严重急性胰腺炎伴组织内出血？

1. A手掌和足底的紫色皮疹
2. B指甲发黄
3. C嘴唇、舌头和面部肿胀
4. D脐周或腰部瘀斑

A day after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient has a headache that is worse when sitting up and better when lying flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA side effect of the antibiotic
2. BPost-dural puncture headache
3. CMigraine caused by hospital lighting
4. DRaised blood pressure from pain

A patient with gastric outlet obstruction has vomited repeatedly for several days. Which blood picture is most likely?

1. AHigh calcium, high sodium and respiratory acidosis
2. BLow chloride, low potassium and metabolic alkalosis
3. CNormal electrolytes with respiratory alkalosis
4. DHigh chloride, high potassium and metabolic acidosis

A bag of parenteral nutrition runs out and the next one will not arrive for several hours. Which risk should the nurse anticipate?

1. ARebound hypoglycaemia
2. BAcute urinary retention
3. CSevere hyperkalaemia
4. DRaised intracranial pressure