内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is metastasis?

1. AHealing of tissue after a biopsy
2. BShrinking of a tumour after treatment
3. CThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
4. DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body

What is a volvulus?

1. AA tear in the lining of the anus
2. BAn infection of the appendix
3. CA pouch in the wall of the colon that fills with stool
4. DA twist of a loop of bowel around itself

In TNM staging of cancer, what does "N" describe?

1. AThe new cells formed after treatment
2. BSpread to nearby lymph nodes
3. CThe nerve damage caused by the tumour
4. DThe number of tumours in the body

Why is the Lund and Browder chart preferred to the rule of nines for children?

1. AIt is used only for burns of the hands
2. BIt is faster to use than any other method of estimation
3. CIt counts superficial burns as well
4. DIt adjusts for body proportions that change with age

A patient on enteral feeding develops diarrhoea. What should the nurse review first?

1. AThe medicine chart, including laxatives and antibiotics
2. BThe patient's mobility aids and walking distance
3. CThe colour of the feeding bag label
4. DThe patient's eye drops and skin creams

For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?

1. AAn ileal conduit draining urine
2. BAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
3. CAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output
4. DA new ileostomy in the first week

After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?

1. AAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0
2. BExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
3. CTell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff
4. DInsist they walk without any analgesia

A nurse teaches a patient about a fentanyl skin patch. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll put the new patch on a different area of skin."
2. B"I'll fold used patches sticky sides together before disposal."
3. C"I can cut the patch in half if I need less."
4. D"I won't put a hot water bottle over the patch."