内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

How is hepatitis A mainly spread?

1. AFaecal-oral route
2. BTick and mosquito bites
3. CBlood transfusion and needles
4. DBreathing in airborne droplets

Which skin care advice is usual during external beam radiotherapy?

1. AUse perfumed lotions to keep the skin soft
2. BScrub the treated area daily to remove the skin marks
3. CWash gently with lukewarm water and pat dry
4. DApply a hot water bottle to soothe the area

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days
2. BWeight gain caused by steroid treatment
3. CSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse
4. DA skin rash from radiotherapy

How are skin staples usually removed from a healed incision?

1. AAlternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
2. BOnly the staples at each end, leaving the others for good
3. CAll staples at once by pulling each one straight up from the skin
4. DThe staples are left in permanently under the skin

Which is correct when caring for a patient with a PICC line?

1. AFlush the line only when it blocks
2. BUse the PICC arm for heavy lifting to keep it flexible
3. CLeave the external length unchecked once it is placed
4. DAvoid taking blood pressure on the arm with the line

For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?

1. AAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
2. BAn ileal conduit draining urine
3. CAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output
4. DA new ileostomy in the first week

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has a falling urine output and a rising creatinine. They have not received nephrotoxic drugs and are not dehydrated. Which complication is likely?

1. AUrinary tract infection
2. BPolycystic kidney disease
3. CNephrotic syndrome
4. DHepatorenal syndrome

A patient on chemotherapy has white plaques on the tongue and cheeks that wipe off to leave red areas. What is most likely?

1. ALeukoplakia from smoking
2. BNormal mucositis healing
3. CFood residue only
4. DOral candidiasis