内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which is an example of a non-drug method of pain relief?

1. AAn ibuprofen tablet with food
2. BA morphine injection into the thigh
3. CA lidocaine patch
4. DRelaxation and distraction

What is the first aid for a dry chemical powder on the skin?

1. ABrush off the powder, then irrigate with plenty of water
2. BCover it with a tight dressing and wait
3. CRub it in with a wet cloth to spread it thinly over the skin
4. DAdd vinegar to neutralise it at once

阿片类药物的哪种副作用通常不会随持续用药而减轻？

1. A镇静
2. B恶心和呕吐
3. C瘙痒
4. D便秘

After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has pain in the right shoulder. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergy to the dressing on the wound
2. BA heart attack during the operation
3. CA dislocated shoulder from patient positioning
4. DGas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm

麻醉期间，恶性高热最早的征象通常是什么？

1. A体温持续下降
2. B皮肤潮红，同时 CO₂ 水平下降
3. C心率减慢、血压降低
4. D呼气末 CO₂ 无法解释地升高

After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?

1. APupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day
2. BBlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight
3. CReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
4. DPeak flow before and after each meal

On day 2 of nasogastric feeding, a severely malnourished patient becomes weak and breathless with ankle swelling. Phosphate is 0.4 mmol/L. What is most likely?

1. AToo little calorie intake
2. BAn allergy to the feed formula
3. CNormal adjustment to the new feed
4. DRefeeding syndrome

A patient on modified-release morphine for cancer pain has needed four breakthrough doses every day for several days. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to put up with the pain between doses
2. BReport it, as the regular background dose may need review
3. CStop the breakthrough doses to reduce opioid use
4. DGive all breakthrough doses at the same time