内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days
2. BSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse
3. CA skin rash from radiotherapy
4. DWeight gain caused by steroid treatment

What is an incisional hernia?

1. AA bulge of stomach through the diaphragm
2. BA swelling in the groin present from birth
3. CA bulge through a weakened surgical scar
4. DA pouch in the wall of the colon

What does black tissue in a wound bed usually indicate?

1. ANew epithelial cells
2. BNormal blood clot from a fresh cut
3. CHealthy granulation tissue
4. DNecrotic (dead) tissue

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey cure the underlying lung disease
2. BThey increase the oxygen level in the blood
3. CThey open the airways like an inhaler
4. DThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness

Which statement about corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease is correct?

1. AThey are used to induce remission, not for maintenance
2. BThey are given only as a one-off injection
3. CThey are the best long-term maintenance treatment
4. DThey cure the disease after one course

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
2. BBecause they need to go home before midday
3. CTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
4. DBecause their surgery always takes longer than others

A patient with bone metastases is starting regular zoledronic acid. Which advice is important?

1. AHave a dental check and report jaw pain or loose teeth
2. BStop drinking all fluids on the day of each infusion
3. CTake extra calcium only on the day of infusion
4. DAvoid all physical activity for six months

During radiotherapy to the chest, a patient develops pain on swallowing and is eating less. What is the most likely cause and nursing focus?

1. ANormal ageing; no action needed
2. BRadiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support
3. CA heart attack; give aspirin and arrange an ECG
4. DA stomach ulcer; give an antacid after meals only