内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Where should a diathermy return electrode (plate) be placed?

1. AOn skin covered with spirit-based prep that is still wet
2. BOver a metal joint replacement
3. COver a bony area such as the hip bone
4. DOn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle

Which feature is typical of an arterial leg ulcer?

1. AA painless wound on the shin with normal pulses
2. BA painful, punched-out wound on a cold, pale foot
3. CA blister on the heel with plenty of hair growth
4. DA shallow, wet wound around the ankle with warm, swollen skin

What should patients usually be told about hair loss from chemotherapy?

1. AIt means the treatment is not working
2. BIt is usually temporary, and hair grows back afterwards
3. CIt is always permanent with every drug
4. DIt happens with every type of cancer treatment, including surgery

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. ADischarge planning for the next day
2. BRoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care
3. CNo change unless the patient complains
4. DAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
2. BEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
3. CSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully
4. DTake a codeine-based painkiller every day

Which monitoring is especially important for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition?

1. APeak flow and visual acuity
2. BBlood glucose and signs of line infection
3. CBowel sounds and stool colour only
4. DPupil size and limb strength

An incontinent patient has diffuse, shiny, red and broken skin in the natal cleft and buttocks with irregular edges, not over a bony prominence. What is most likely?

1. AA full-thickness burn
2. BAn arterial ulcer caused by poor circulation
3. CA category 4 pressure ulcer over the sacrum
4. DIncontinence-associated dermatitis

A patient with diabetes has rapidly spreading redness around a small wound, severe pain out of proportion, fever and crackling under the skin. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AMild contact dermatitis
2. BA healing venous ulcer
3. CNecrotising fasciitis
4. DA simple insect bite