内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

哪项建议有助于化疗引起口腔黏膜炎的患者？

1. A每天多次使用含酒精的漱口水消毒
2. B吃热的辛辣食物以刺激唾液分泌
3. C在疼痛缓解前停止所有口腔护理
4. D用软毛牙刷轻柔护理，并用生理盐水漱口

阿片类药物的哪种副作用通常不会随持续用药而减轻？

1. A镇静
2. B瘙痒
3. C便秘
4. D恶心和呕吐

根据一个广泛使用的定义，谁是判断患者疼痛的最佳评判者？

1. A外科医生
2. B患者
3. C亲属
4. D护士

手术后哪个时期最可能发生伤口裂开？

1. A最初一小时内
2. B仅在手术过程中
3. C术后一年以上
4. D术后约 5–10 天

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. AA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration
2. BDry, healing skin with mild itching
3. CThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change
4. DLess exudate on each dressing change

Which practice is correct when giving parenteral nutrition through a central line?

1. AUse a dedicated lumen and strict aseptic technique
2. BGive other IV drugs through the same lumen to save time
3. CLet the bag hang at room temperature for several days
4. DDisconnect and reconnect the line without cleaning the hub

A patient with bone metastases is starting regular zoledronic acid. Which advice is important?

1. AHave a dental check and report jaw pain or loose teeth
2. BTake extra calcium only on the day of infusion
3. CStop drinking all fluids on the day of each infusion
4. DAvoid all physical activity for six months

A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?

1. AThe swelling shows the cancer has gone
2. BIt is only a muscle strain from walking
3. CCalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy
4. DCancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk