内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is dyspepsia?

1. AVomiting of blood after a large meal
2. BUpper abdominal discomfort, often called indigestion
3. CPain in the rectum on opening the bowels
4. DDifficulty swallowing solid food and tablets

A patient receiving external beam radiotherapy asks whether they are radioactive. What is correct?

1. AOnly their clothes are radioactive afterwards
2. BYes, so they must avoid all contact with children and pregnant women
3. CNo, they are not radioactive and can be with family
4. DYes, for one month after each session

What is the main serious risk of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose?

1. AHearing loss
2. BStomach bleeding
3. CRespiratory depression
4. DLiver damage

对病情稳定的消化道出血患者，哪种红细胞输血策略符合目前的证据？

1. A无论血红蛋白或症状如何，从不输血
2. B限制性阈值，多数稳定患者常在约 70 g/L
3. C每次内镜检查前常规输两个单位
4. D给所有人输血，使血红蛋白始终保持在 150 g/L 以上

What is the main treatment for a venous leg ulcer with an adequate arterial supply?

1. ACompression therapy
2. BKeeping the leg hanging down all day
3. CSurgery to amputate the limb
4. DStrong oral antibiotics for all ulcers

Which rule about the sterile field is correct?

1. ASterile items can be passed across a non-sterile area freely
2. BThe area below a gowned person's waist is sterile
3. CIf sterility is in doubt, the item is treated as contaminated
4. DA sterile pack stays sterile even when it is wet

A patient who takes NSAIDs suddenly develops severe epigastric pain, a rigid abdomen and shoulder-tip pain. Which finding would most support the likely diagnosis?

1. ATall, peaked T waves on a 12-lead ECG
2. BFree air under the diaphragm on an erect chest X-ray
3. CFluid levels in the bladder on an ultrasound scan
4. DA raised serum lipase three times the upper limit

After two days of large volumes of IV 5% glucose, a postoperative patient becomes confused with a headache. Sodium is 124 mmol/L. What is the likely cause?

1. ANormal confusion after any anaesthetic
2. BHypernatraemia from too much salt
3. CHyponatraemia from hypotonic fluids
4. DHypoglycaemia from the glucose