内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. AJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
2. BRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump
3. CRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
4. DPlacing a stent in the bile duct

What is Barrett's oesophagus?

1. AA change of the lower oesophageal lining to a stomach-like type
2. BA tear in the oesophagus caused by forceful vomiting
3. CA pouch in the upper oesophagus that traps food
4. DDilated veins in the lower oesophagus caused by portal hypertension

急性胰腺炎的疼痛通常位于哪里？

1. A上腹部，常放射到背部
2. B右下腹，靠近髋部
3. C左肩尖，深呼吸时加重
4. D下背部，平躺时缓解

严重急性胰腺炎时可能出现哪种电解质问题？

1. A高钙血症
2. B低钙血症
3. C高钠血症
4. D高钾血症

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. AWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling
2. BLying face down on the pillow to protect the airway
3. CIn any position that keeps the face covered
4. DLying flat with the head lower than the feet

Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?

1. AHypernatraemia
2. BHypomagnesaemia
3. CHypercalcaemia
4. DHyperkalaemia

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."
2. B"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."
3. C"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."
4. D"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."

Shortly after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient says their arms feel weak and it is hard to breathe, and the BP is falling. What is most likely?

1. AAn anxiety attack
2. BA normal spinal effect
3. CA high spinal block
4. DA post-dural puncture headache