内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which signs suggest a surgical site infection?

1. AMild itching as the wound heals
2. BA dry wound edge with a thin scab
3. CIncreasing pain, redness, swelling, heat and pus
4. DMild bruising around the wound that is fading a little each day

Which symptom is typical of haemorrhoids?

1. ABlack, tarry stools with a strong smell
2. BVomiting of dark, coffee-ground material
3. CBright red blood on the paper after opening the bowels
4. DYellow skin, dark urine and pale stools that float in the toilet

At which stage of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist does the team confirm the patient, site and procedure just before the skin incision?

1. ASign In
2. BTime Out
3. CHandover
4. DSign Out

限钠和螺内酯在肝硬化中起什么作用？

1. A增加钾丢失并预防高钾血症
2. B降低血氨并治疗脑病
3. C升高血压并改善肾血流
4. D减少钠水潴留并控制腹水

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. ASystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate
2. BStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
3. CAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain
4. DPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly

什么是肿瘤溶解综合征？

1. A压迫神经的缓慢生长的肿瘤
2. B最近接受放疗区域的皮肤反应
3. C对化疗输注的过敏反应
4. D癌细胞迅速分解引起的代谢急症

一名患有慢性肾脏病的 74 岁患者术后剧烈疼痛。哪个阿片类药物问题最重要？

1. A肾功能对阿片类药物的处理没有影响
2. B无论疼痛如何，老年人绝不能使用阿片类药物
3. C吗啡的代谢产物会蓄积，因此可能需要较低剂量或换用其他阿片类药物
4. D吗啡是肾衰竭时最安全的阿片类药物，因此可以随意增加剂量

At the end of an operation, the final count shows one swab missing. What should happen?

1. ATell the surgeon, search, and X-ray if it is not found
2. BRecord the count as correct to avoid a delay
3. CLet the patient leave and search the theatre later
4. DClose the wound, as the swab was probably thrown away