内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which drug group is commonly used to prevent venous thromboembolism after surgery?

1. ALoop diuretics
2. BNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3. CLow molecular weight heparins
4. DProton pump inhibitors

谁负责获取手术的知情同意？

1. A患者的近亲，或在场的最亲近的亲属
2. B实施手术的临床医生，或经过培训的受托人
3. C安排患者入院的病房文员
4. D当时有空的任何工作人员

What is the key difference between a benign and a malignant tumour?

1. AA malignant tumour never needs any treatment
2. BA benign tumour always spreads to the lymph nodes
3. CA malignant tumour invades nearby tissue and can spread
4. DA benign tumour always grows faster than a malignant one

Why are urinary catheters removed as early as possible after surgery?

1. ATo reduce the risk of catheter-associated infection
2. BBecause the catheter stops the bowel working
3. CBecause patients cannot drink normally while a catheter is in place
4. DBecause catheters always cause kidney stones

A day after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient has a headache that is worse when sitting up and better when lying flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. APost-dural puncture headache
2. BA side effect of the antibiotic
3. CRaised blood pressure from pain
4. DMigraine caused by hospital lighting

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. AThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
2. BLeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
3. CThe kidneys stop making urine completely
4. DPatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days

一名使用阿片类药物 PCA 的患者经面罩吸氧。SpO₂ 97%，呼吸频率 11 次/分，但现在很难唤醒。护士应得出什么结论？

1. A应增加 PCA 剂量以保持患者舒适
2. B很可能是阿片类药物中毒；氧气可能掩盖了通气不足
3. C患者是安全的，因为血氧饱和度正常
4. D患者只是睡得好，因为疼痛已得到控制

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. ASit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
2. BOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
3. CLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
4. DMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin