内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

In widely used guidelines, which core temperature defines perioperative hypothermia?

1. ABelow 37.5 °C
2. BBelow 36.0 °C
3. CBelow 32.0 °C
4. DBelow 38.0 °C

On a numerical rating scale for pain, what do 0 and 10 usually mean?

1. AThe numbers show how many hours the pain has lasted
2. B0 is mild pain and 10 is moderate pain
3. C0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable
4. D0 is the worst pain and 10 is no pain at all

How is the length of a nasogastric tube usually estimated before insertion?

1. AFrom the chin to the umbilicus in a straight line
2. BFrom the mouth to the knee on the same side of the body
3. CAny length, as long as the whole tube is inserted
4. DFrom the nose tip to the earlobe, then to the xiphisternum

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
2. BThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
3. CThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
4. DThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
2. BThey cannot be given once nausea has started
3. CPreventing nausea works better than treating it later
4. DAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey open the airways like an inhaler
2. BThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness
3. CThey cure the underlying lung disease
4. DThey increase the oxygen level in the blood

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA simple lower urinary tract infection
2. BBowel preparation that was taken too quickly
3. CA fistula between the colon and the bladder
4. DA kidney stone blocking the ureter

一名烧伤面积占体表 35% 的患者正在进入高代谢期。哪种营养方案最恰当？

1. A低蛋白饮食以保护肾脏免受损害
2. B禁食两周以让肠道完全休息
3. C早期肠内营养，高能量、高蛋白
4. D仅用清流质，直到烧伤创面愈合