内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

When should pain be reassessed after giving analgesia?

1. AOnly at the next routine observation round the next day
2. BNever, as one assessment is enough
3. CWhen the drug is expected to have taken effect
4. DOnly if the patient asks for more analgesia

Which urine output is commonly used as the minimum acceptable value for an adult after surgery?

1. AAbout 50 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 5 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour

What is the main purpose of a surgical wound drain?

1. ATo remove fluid or blood that collects at the operation site
2. BTo feed the patient after surgery
3. CTo give IV fluids and antibiotics straight into the wound bed
4. DTo measure the patient's temperature

为什么缓释或肠溶片对回肠造口患者可能效果不佳？

1. A转运快，药物可能在释放前就已排出
2. B造口把药物极快地吸收进血液
3. C回肠造口的酶会破坏所有类型的口服药物
4. D回肠造口患者不能服用任何口服药物

哪项饮食建议可降低新回肠造口堵塞的风险？

1. A喝很少的水以使排出物变稠
2. B充分咀嚼，并缓慢引入含纤维的食物
3. C第一天起就吃大量坚果和种子
4. D不怎么咀嚼就快速吞咽食物

Why is IV albumin often given after a large-volume paracentesis?

1. ATo raise the blood glucose after the procedure
2. BTo prevent low blood pressure and kidney injury from fluid shifts
3. CTo treat infection in the ascitic fluid
4. DTo replace the clotting factors and platelets lost in the drained fluid

A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?

1. AIt is only a muscle strain from walking
2. BThe swelling shows the cancer has gone
3. CCalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy
4. DCancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk

An immobile patient on opioids drinks very little. Which laxative choice is least appropriate?

1. AA stimulant laxative taken regularly
2. BAn osmotic laxative such as a macrogol
3. CA bulk-forming laxative used on its own
4. DA stool softener with a stimulant laxative